Alternatives Decoded

Navigating the World of Alternative Investments

As of 1Q 2025

 

Our 1Q 2025 release of Alternatives Decoded includes the latest analysis of the alternative investment landscape. What may lie ahead? Will recovering transaction volume and property price appreciation signal a new real estate cycle? Will asset-based lending emerge as the next opportunity in private credit? And how should you position for improving deal activity?

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Flow-of-Funds is proprietary data tracking subscription flows of alternative investments on the iCapital platform. This data illustrates a real-time view of investor appetite from the private wealth channel across various alternative asset classes and investment strategies.
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iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Title-5

Alternatives Decoded

Overview

Explore iCapital’s Alternatives Decoded for a wide-ranging and up-to-date analysis of the alternative investment landscape. Review the latest updates on absolute and relative market performance, assets under management (AUM), fund flow trends, deal activity, and much more. Gain insights into private equity, private credit, commercial real estate, infrastructure, hedge funds, structured investments, and annuities. 
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iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Title-9

Alternatives Decoded

Private Equity

Private equity has historically been able to generate consistent outperformance versus public equities with less downside. Today, the opportunity set is larger than ever, as private equity provides access to a larger universe of investment opportunities compared to public equity. We believe private equity offers investors an opportunity to tap into a large pool of innovation with multiple paths of value creation. 
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iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Title-24

Alternatives Decoded

Private Credit

Private credit is now a genuine alternative to bank lending and the syndicated market. An important part of the near-term investment thesis is favorable yields. However, in the longer term, the secular decline in lending by traditional credit providers holds the potential to increase the addressable market from primarily lending to many more forms of credit such as asset-backed and residential mortgage.  
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iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Title-41

Alternatives Decoded

Commercial Real Estate

Commercial real estate offers a broad set of diversified opportunities that provide low correlation to the public markets. In fact, the size of this market is often underappreciated. Despite some concerns about the state of real estate, many sectors have solid underlying fundamentals that can serve as a core source of income and potential price return 

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iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Title-56

Alternatives Decoded

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

The appeal of infrastructure and real asset strategies is the low to negative correlation relative to stocks and bonds, and higher risk-adjusted returns due to the contractual, inflation-protected cash flow nature of the investments. Infrastructure, in particular, has gained attention in recent years with the recognition that there exists a significant “funding gap” underpinned by growing public deficits and increasing need for digital transformation and energy transition.

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iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Title-71

Alternatives Decoded

Hedge Funds

Hedge funds employ several different strategies that can help position investors for various market conditions. Current trends, such as positive stock-bond correlations, elevated interest rates, and higher asset dispersion, can help improve risk-adjusted returns and offer substantial diversification benefits when adding hedge funds to a traditional portfolio. 

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iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Title-82

Alternatives Decoded

Structured Investments

The volume growth in structured investments has steadily increased as investors have looked for vehicles that offer upside participation and/or yield enhancement potential while maintaining a degree of principle protection. More recently, activity in the equities market has led to growth-oriented solutions outpacing their income-oriented counterparts. 

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iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Title-94

Alternatives Decoded

Annuities

The annuity industry has experienced sturdy growth in recent years due to rising interest rates and changing age demographics. We expect a growing part of the investing population to prioritize avoiding losses over earning gains and that should continue to provide a secular tailwind for annuities in the future. 

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iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Title-104

Register to read on or download

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-1

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-1

Page Index

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-2

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Page Index

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-2

Global Research, Strategy, and Insights Team

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-3

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Global Research, Strategy, and Insights Team

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-3

Flow-of-Funds

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-4

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Flow-of-Funds

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-4

Private wealth clients favored private credit and hedge funds in the fourth quarter of 2024

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-5

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Private wealth clients favored private credit and hedge funds in the fourth quarter of 2024

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-5

Private wealth clients are increasing allocations to direct lending and infrastructure strategies

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-6

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Private wealth clients are increasing allocations to direct lending and infrastructure strategies

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-6

In the last five years, private wealth clients boosted allocations to private credit, registered funds

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-7

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

In the last five years, private wealth clients boosted allocations to private credit, registered funds

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-7

Overview

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-8

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Overview

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-8

Alternatives hold $17.2 trillion in assets under management globally across strategies

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-9

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Alternatives hold $17.2 trillion in assets under management globally across strategies

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-9

Alternatives have grown significantly and are projected to grow further in years ahead

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-10

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Alternatives have grown significantly and are projected to grow further in years ahead

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-10

Alternatives fundraising activity is stabilizing and increasing in certain asset classes

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-11

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Alternatives fundraising activity is stabilizing and increasing in certain asset classes

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-11

Dry powder has declined to $3.9 trillion as committed capital begins to get deployed globally

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-12

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Dry powder has declined to $3.9 trillion as committed capital begins to get deployed globally

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-12

Deal momentum is rebounding to more normalized levels as GPs put dry powder to work

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-13

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Deal momentum is rebounding to more normalized levels as GPs put dry powder to work

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-13

Alternatives offered strong outperformance vs. traditional 60/40 portfolio over time

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-14

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Alternatives offered strong outperformance vs. traditional 60/40 portfolio over time

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-14

Over the next decade, alternatives are projected to outperform their public counterparts

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-15

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Over the next decade, alternatives are projected to outperform their public counterparts

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-15

Several private market strategies offer higher yields than those available in public markets

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-16

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Several private market strategies offer higher yields than those available in public markets

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-16

Alternatives can be a powerful diversifier due to their low correlation to public markets

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-17

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Alternatives can be a powerful diversifier due to their low correlation to public markets

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-17

Alternatives offer higher returns and lower volatility vs. a traditional 60/40 portfolio

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-18

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Alternatives offer higher returns and lower volatility vs. a traditional 60/40 portfolio

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-18

Manager selection has been an important driver of return outcomes in alternatives

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-19

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Manager selection has been an important driver of return outcomes in alternatives

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-19

Several private market strategies are inexpensive relative to public markets and history

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-20

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Several private market strategies are inexpensive relative to public markets and history

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-20

Private clients to increase alternatives allocation from $4 trillion to $13 trillion by 2032

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-21

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Private clients to increase alternatives allocation from $4 trillion to $13 trillion by 2032

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-21

Opportunity to increase allocation is sizable given low portfolio allocation and advisor use

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-22

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Opportunity to increase allocation is sizable given low portfolio allocation and advisor use

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-22

Private Equity

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-23

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Private Equity

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-23

Private equity is the largest asset class within alternatives and has grown significantly

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-24

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Private equity is the largest asset class within alternatives and has grown significantly

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-24

Companies are delaying their IPO (some indefinitely) as they stay private for longer

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-25

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Companies are delaying their IPO (some indefinitely) as they stay private for longer

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-25

Private companies outnumber publicly traded ones, across most revenue segments

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-26

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Private companies outnumber publicly traded ones, across most revenue segments

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-26

Private markets offer investors an opportunity to tap into a larger pool of innovation

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-27

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Private markets offer investors an opportunity to tap into a larger pool of innovation

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-27

Private equity outperformed public equities over various time horizons

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-28

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Private equity outperformed public equities over various time horizons

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-28

Private equity has delivered more consistently positive returns with fewer negative years

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-29

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Private equity has delivered more consistently positive returns with fewer negative years

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-29

Private equity performance generally improves when investing during downturn year vintages

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-30

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Private equity performance generally improves when investing during downturn year vintages

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-30

Private equity fund managers have multiple ways to create value vs. public markets

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-31

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Private equity fund managers have multiple ways to create value vs. public markets

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-31

Private equity valuations have stabilized and are lower than public markets in the U.S.

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-32

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Private equity valuations have stabilized and are lower than public markets in the U.S.

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-32

Middle market Buyout may be in favor this year given valuations and capital market activity

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-33

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Middle market Buyout may be in favor this year given valuations and capital market activity

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-33

Fund managers have adjusted to higher cost of capital by reducing the use of leverage

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-34

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Fund managers have adjusted to higher cost of capital by reducing the use of leverage

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-34

Realization of further rate cuts may help improve levered company financials

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-35

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Realization of further rate cuts may help improve levered company financials

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-35

Private equity exit activity is recovering given higher valuations in public markets

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-36

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Private equity exit activity is recovering given higher valuations in public markets

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-36

Capital markets activity is gradually improving across both IPO and M&A markets

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-37

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Capital markets activity is gradually improving across both IPO and M&A markets

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-37

Extended holding periods increase the need for sources of liquidity

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-38

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Extended holding periods increase the need for sources of liquidity

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-38

Growth in private equity secondaries is driven by strong supply/demand dynamics

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-39

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Growth in private equity secondaries is driven by strong supply/demand dynamics

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-39

Private Credit

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-40

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Private Credit

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-40

Private credit AUM have grown rapidly to record levels

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-41

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Private credit AUM have grown rapidly to record levels

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-41

Secular decline in bank lending is being driven by regulation, capital requirements

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-42

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Secular decline in bank lending is being driven by regulation, capital requirements

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-42

Growth in private equity buyout strategies drives further demand for private credit

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-43

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Growth in private equity buyout strategies drives further demand for private credit

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-43

Private credit strategies historically outperformed public fixed income sectors

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-44

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Private credit strategies historically outperformed public fixed income sectors

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-44

Direct lending offered favorable risk-adjusted returns versus public fixed income

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-45

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Direct lending offered favorable risk-adjusted returns versus public fixed income

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-45

Private credit drawdown risk is moderated by buy-and-hold nature, fewer dislocations

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-46

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Private credit drawdown risk is moderated by buy-and-hold nature, fewer dislocations

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-46

Risk premium, complexity and market inefficiencies provides a backdrop for attractive yields

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-47

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Risk premium, complexity and market inefficiencies provides a backdrop for attractive yields

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-47

Direct lending spreads recently widened, moving closer to historical excess spread

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-48

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Direct lending spreads recently widened, moving closer to historical excess spread

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-48

Income has been a steady component of private credit returns over time

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-49

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Income has been a steady component of private credit returns over time

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-49

Credit losses for private credit have been in line with high yield and bank loan issuers

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-50

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Credit losses for private credit have been in line with high yield and bank loan issuers

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-50

Private credit coverage ratios are improving, which could help keep defaults in check

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-51

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Private credit coverage ratios are improving, which could help keep defaults in check

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-51

Lower volatility, high income led to more consistently positive results for private credit

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-52

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Lower volatility, high income led to more consistently positive results for private credit

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-52

The emergence of asset-based-lending in private credit unlocks a vastly larger opportunity set

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-53

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

The emergence of asset-based-lending in private credit unlocks a vastly larger opportunity set

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-53

Asset-based lending is becoming a meaningful alternative as banks pulled back post-GFC

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-54

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Asset-based lending is becoming a meaningful alternative as banks pulled back post-GFC

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-54

Commercial Real Estate

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-55

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Commercial Real Estate

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-55

CRE is a large, diversified asset class with growing interest from private capital investors

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-56

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

CRE is a large, diversified asset class with growing interest from private capital investors

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-56

CRE has had a low correlation to and better risk-adjusted returns than public markets

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-57

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

CRE has had a low correlation to and better risk-adjusted returns than public markets

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-57

Private real estate had less drawdowns, which helped deliver returns overtime

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-58

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Private real estate had less drawdowns, which helped deliver returns overtime

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-58

Growth in net operating income (NOI) has outpaced inflation and served as a core return driver

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-59

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Growth in net operating income (NOI) has outpaced inflation and served as a core return driver

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-59

Transaction volumes are recovering, should help provide more realistic pricing in coming quarters

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-60

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Transaction volumes are recovering, should help provide more realistic pricing in coming quarters

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-60

Commercial real estate prices corrected sharply, but the recovery process is underway

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-61

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Commercial real estate prices corrected sharply, but the recovery process is underway

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-61

Cap rates reset higher as the Fed raised interest rates, but remain low relative to bond yields

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-62

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Cap rates reset higher as the Fed raised interest rates, but remain low relative to bond yields

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-62

NOI growth is slowing from high levels but is still roughly above long-term averages and inflation

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-63

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

NOI growth is slowing from high levels but is still roughly above long-term averages and inflation

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-63

Value-add funds can help improve NOI given the growing need to improve aging structures

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-64

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Value-add funds can help improve NOI given the growing need to improve aging structures

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-64

Supply and demand dynamics remain relatively healthy and should also support NOI

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-65

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Supply and demand dynamics remain relatively healthy and should also support NOI

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-65

Most CRE sectors have solid fundamentals, except for weakness in office

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-66

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Most CRE sectors have solid fundamentals, except for weakness in office

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-66

Lower use of leverage and higher debt coverage ratios offset some of these concerns

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-67

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Lower use of leverage and higher debt coverage ratios offset some of these concerns

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-67

Banks are still retrenching from commercial real estate lending amidst rising defaults

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-68

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Banks are still retrenching from commercial real estate lending amidst rising defaults

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-68

CRE debt funds with ample dry powder should help partially fill the void

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-69

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

CRE debt funds with ample dry powder should help partially fill the void

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-69

Infrastructure, Other Real Assets

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-70

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Infrastructure, Other Real Assets

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-70

Infrastructure is a globally diverse asset class with significant fund assets in Europe

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-71

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Infrastructure is a globally diverse asset class with significant fund assets in Europe

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-71

Investors can consider four broad categories of infrastructure with varying characteristics

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-72

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Investors can consider four broad categories of infrastructure with varying characteristics

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-72

Private real assets have produced superior risk-adjusted returns with low correlation

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-73

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Private real assets have produced superior risk-adjusted returns with low correlation

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-73

Real assets have delivered returns outpacing developed market inflation

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-74

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Real assets have delivered returns outpacing developed market inflation

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-74

Real assets provided higher returns during periods of moderate to high inflation

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-75

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Real assets provided higher returns during periods of moderate to high inflation

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-75

Global economies are set to spend $3.2 trillion per year on infrastructure through 2040

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-76

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Global economies are set to spend $3.2 trillion per year on infrastructure through 2040

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-76

There is a widening gap between projected infrastructure spending and society’s needs

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-77

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

There is a widening gap between projected infrastructure spending and society’s needs

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-77

U.S. and Europe have significantly stepped up their infrastructure-related investments

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-78

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

U.S. and Europe have significantly stepped up their infrastructure-related investments

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-78

Digitization and growth in data centers is one of the prominent themes in infrastructure

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-79

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Digitization and growth in data centers is one of the prominent themes in infrastructure

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-79

The investment need for additional decarbonized power generation is growing

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-80

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

The investment need for additional decarbonized power generation is growing

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-80

Hedge Funds

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-81

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Hedge Funds

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-81

Hedge fund AUM has rebounded and has hovered near record levels

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-82

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Hedge fund AUM has rebounded and has hovered near record levels

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-82

Different hedge fund strategies can help position for various market conditions

iCapital - Alternatives Decoded Q1 2025 - FOF Final-83 2

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Different hedge fund strategies can help position for various market conditions

iCapital - Alternatives Decoded Q1 2025 - FOF Final-83 2

Similar number of hedge fund launches and liquidations highlight selection importance

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-84

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Similar number of hedge fund launches and liquidations highlight selection importance

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-84

A traditional 60/40 portfolio is not offering the “natural” diversification it once did

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-85

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

A traditional 60/40 portfolio is not offering the “natural” diversification it once did

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-85

Historically, adding hedge funds to traditional portfolios has improved risk/return

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-86

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Historically, adding hedge funds to traditional portfolios has improved risk/return

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-86

Over time, hedge funds offer equity-like results with less downside risk

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-87

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Over time, hedge funds offer equity-like results with less downside risk

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-87

Hedge funds have generally performed better during periods of elevated rates

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-88

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Hedge funds have generally performed better during periods of elevated rates

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-88

Hedge fund opportunities increase in periods of higher equity dispersion, low correlation

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-89

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Hedge fund opportunities increase in periods of higher equity dispersion, low correlation

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-89

Despite the recent compression in index spreads, distressed credit opportunities exist

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-90

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Despite the recent compression in index spreads, distressed credit opportunities exist

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-90

Volatility can be a driver of returns for hedge funds; rate volatility remains elevated

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-91

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Volatility can be a driver of returns for hedge funds; rate volatility remains elevated

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-91

Event Driven strategies may benefit from the expected pick-up in capital markets activity

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-92

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Event Driven strategies may benefit from the expected pick-up in capital markets activity

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-92

Structured Investments

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-93

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Structured Investments

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-93

Structured investment volumes in the private wealth channel have grown over time

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-94

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Structured investment volumes in the private wealth channel have grown over time

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-94

Payoff structures for market-linked growth and income notes

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-95

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Payoff structures for market-linked growth and income notes

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-95

Types of protection available in structured investments

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-96

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Types of protection available in structured investments

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-96

Full principal protection demand is a function of equity levels and bond yields

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-97

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Full principal protection demand is a function of equity levels and bond yields

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-97

Preference for types and investment terms of structured investments varied over time

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-98

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Preference for types and investment terms of structured investments varied over time

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-98

Preference for type of protection and type of underlying asset evolved over time

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-99

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Preference for type of protection and type of underlying asset evolved over time

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-99

Structured investment returns and pricing are dynamic, fluctuate with market conditions

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-100

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Structured investment returns and pricing are dynamic, fluctuate with market conditions

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-100

Interest rates have moved lower, credit spreads are tighter than a year ago

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-101

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Interest rates have moved lower, credit spreads are tighter than a year ago

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-101

Volatility remains below 2021-22 levels but has trended higher in recent quarters

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-102

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Volatility remains below 2021-22 levels but has trended higher in recent quarters

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-102

Annuities

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-103

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Annuities

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-103

The annuity industry experienced strong growth as rates rose in recent years

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-104

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

The annuity industry experienced strong growth as rates rose in recent years

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-104

Secular demand for annuities is also driven by rising population of age 65 and over

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-105

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Secular demand for annuities is also driven by rising population of age 65 and over

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-105

Definitions - A

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-106

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Definitions - A

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-106

Definitions - B

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-107

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Definitions - B

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-107

Attributions

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-108

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Attributions

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-108

Important Information

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-109

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

Important Information

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-109
iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-110

Alternatives Decoded

Flow-of-Funds

Overview

Private Equity

Private Credit

Commercial Real Estate

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

Hedge Funds

Structured Investments

Annuities

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-110

Alternatives Decoded

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-1

Cover Page

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-2

Page Index

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-3

Global Research, Strategy, and Insights Team

Flow-of-Funds

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-4

Flow-of-Funds

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-5

Asset Class Flows

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-6

Sub-Asset Class Flows

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-7

Platform Assets

Overview

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-8

Overview

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-9

Assets Under Management

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-10

AUM by Asset Class

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-11

Fundraising

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-12

Dry Powder

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-13

Deal Activity/Entries

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-14

Returns by Strategy

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-15

Projected Performance

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-16

Yields

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-17

Cross Asset Correlations

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-18

Risk/Return

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-19

Dispersions

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-20

Relative Valuations

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-21

Private vs. Institutional

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-22

Allocation to Alternatives

Private Equity

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-23

Private Equity

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-24

Assets Under Management

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-25

IPO Trends

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-26

Private Company Trends

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-27

Private-to-Public Company Ratio

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-28

Returns

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-29

Downside Protection

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-30

Return Dispersion

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-31

Value Creation

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-32

Valuations

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-33

Middle Market Buyout

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-34

Leverage

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-35

Leverage/Rate Sensitivity

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-36

Exit Activity

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-37

IPO and M&A Activity

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-38

Holding Period and Secondaries

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-39

Secondaries Market

Private Credit

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-40

Private Credit

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-41

Assets Under Management

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-42

Bank Lending

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-43

Dry Powder/Lending

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-44

Returns by Strategy

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-45

Risk-Adjusted Returns

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-46

Drawdown Risk

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-47

Yields

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-48

Yield Decomposition

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-49

Return Decomposition

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-50

Credit Losses

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-51

Coverage Ratios

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-52

Total Returns

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-53

Asset-based Lending Opportunity

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-54

Private Credit in ABL

Commercial Real Estate

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-55

Commercial Real Estate

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-56

Market Overview

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-57

Correlations and Returns

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-58

Drawdowns and Returns

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-59

Net Operating Income (NOI)

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-60

Transaction Volumes

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-61

Property Prices

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-62

Cap Rates

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-63

NOI by Property Type

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-64

Case for Value-Add

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-65

Supply and Demand

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-66

Sector Fundamentals

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-67

Maturities and Delinquencies

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-68

CRE Loans/Office Delinquencies

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-69

Debt Funds and Yields

Infrastructure & Other Real Assets

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-70

Infrastructure, Other Real Assets

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-71

Market Overview

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-72

Transaction Overview

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-73

Correlations and Returns

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-74

Returns by Strategy

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-75

Performance in Higher Rate Periods

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-76

Infrastructure Spend

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-77

Infrastructure Spend Gap

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-78

Investments by Geography

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-79

Data Center Overview

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-80

Power Generation Overview

Hedge Funds

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-81

Hedge Funds

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-82

Assets Under Management

iCapital - Alternatives Decoded Q1 2025 - FOF Final-83 2

Returns by Strategy

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-84

Fund Launches and Closures

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-85

Stock/Bond Correlation

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-86

Comparative Risk/Return

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-87

Historic Performance

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-88

Performance in Higher Rate Periods

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-89

Stock Dispersion

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-90

Credit Stress and Strategy

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-91

Asset Volatility

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-92

M&A Activity Indicator

Structured Investments

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-93

Structured Investments

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-94

SI Volumes

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-95

Scenario Payoff Structures

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-96

Protection Types

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-97

Full Principal Protection

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-98

Income vs. Growth Structures

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-99

Mix of Protection Types

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-100

Market Variables

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-101

Credit Spreads

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-102

Volatility and Correlations

Annuities

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-103

Annuities

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-104

Market and Product Overview

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-105

Annuity Spreads

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-106

Index Definitions

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-107

Index Definitions

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-108

Attributions

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-109

Important Information

iCapital-Alternatives-Decoded-Q1-2025-FOF-Final-110

End Cover